We all suffer from illness or we need to take care of family members at some time during our working lives. Some of us are fortunate enough to work in an environment where we are provided with clear guidelines about the paid and unpaid leave time to which we are entitled. If you are not in this position, you will need to fall back on national guidelines to tell you your rights. In the United States, the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993 provides us with these rights. If you worked more than half time for at least 12 months either a public agency or for a business with more than 50 people, and you live within 75 miles of your place of work, then you are probably FMLA-eligible. You may take this kind leave if you are eligible, are too ill to do your job, if you have a new child, or to take care of a sick immediate relative.
Your employer is not required to pay you when you take family or medical leave, but they do have to refrain from eliminating your position and your benefits, and they are not allowed to retaliate against you for taking this time off. It is important to recognize that the FMLA does not apply for short-term illness (hopefully your employer gives sick leave), or for the care of pets or non-relatives. Definitions of who is covered by the Act may vary from state to state, so be sure to familiarize yourself with local laws before you decide to invoke the FMLA. Some states allow its use for organ donors or for reasons related to military personnel deaths or illnesses.
The FMLA is often used by those who do not have entitlements to parental leave. Maternal or paternal leave may be taken for up to 12 weeks under the protection of the Leave Act, but the U.S. does not require that any of this leave be paid.



